Project Description
Project description
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This design is based on a system that will be portable. The photovoltaic panel (40W) will be connected to a photovoltaic controller, which will be in charge of feeding the battery and supplying power to the system outputs. In the output of the system (12V) we will use a buck, which will allow us a connection of 3 USB ports at 5V DC. We will use 3 wattmeters that will help us to know at all times the behavior of the voltages and currents of the system. finally we will use a raspberry pi 3 that will serve as an interface so that the user can know the state of the system and manipulate it.
INTRODUCTION
The use of renewable energies is currently gaining a lot of scope, it is an excellent tool for supplying energy anywhere, in this project we will base ourselves on solar energy which is obtained from the use of electromagnetic radiation from the sun.
A portable photovoltaic system will be designed with a basic energy contribution, which will have the necessary availability to meet the needs at the time of a power failure, in which we can connect from chargers for our mobile devices to USB fans, useful in those moments.
BLOCKS DIAGRAM
LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
In Colombia it is not necessary to request a permit for the use of solar panels for domestic uses, however, someone knowledgeable about the subject is required if you want to make an interconnection with the grid.
Requirements for the implementation of a PV system:
- Identify energy consumption.
- Validate the location.
- Solar panels require good exposure to the sun, without trees or objects that block it and cast shadows.
- Provide adequate ceilings, with the specifications and standards required for this type of facility.
- Select the type of installation.
- Perform regular maintenance of the photovoltaic system.
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
CABLE SIZING FOR ALL THE PROJECT.
For the connections between the PV panel-PV controller and PV-battery controller, we will use 12 AWG multi-core wire, we will use 6 meters (3 meters red and 3 meters black), because our system is portable and the connections they will be very close. For the connections between the power meters and the communications module we will use thinner cables.
CIRCUIT PROTECTIONS STRATEGY AND COMPONENTS
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Fuse: The protection circuit that we are going to apply in our project is the use of fuses. For that, we choose this of kind fuse, this can protect our system for excess current.
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Protection for High-Speed USB Ports: MAX22505, We will use this device as protection against overvoltage in the USB output ports.
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Hermetic plugs for usb: These will be used to prevent water seepage into the system.
BILL OF MATERIALS
The materials to be used for the development of the project are the following: solar panel, battery, display, Buck, controller, port (5), port (12v), raspberry pi 3, Protection for HighSpeed USB Ports and digital wattmeter, this time will be used three 5v port ports and three digital wattmater. In the following table will be shown the value of each material.
MATERIALES |
VALOR |
Solar panel 35w |
$0 |
Battery |
$109.900 |
Buck |
$12.500 |
Controller |
$18.000 |
Port (5V) x3 |
$9.300 |
Port (12V) |
$22.500 |
Digital wattmeter |
$47.000 |
Raspberry pi 3 |
$0 |
Fuse and fuse holder x 6 |
$6000 |
Other expenses (shipping) |
$50.000 |
TOTAL |
$271.200 |
In the following table we find the description of each of the aforementioned materials
MATERIALES |
DESCRIPCIĆN |
Solar panel |
Model: SPG-040P-36; Maximum power: 40W; Maximum voltage: 18.1V; Maximum current: Imp 2.21; Solar Panel: Polycrystalline; Dimensions: 770 x 350 x 25mm; Weight: 2.8 kg; Solar cells: 36 cells in series (2x 18) |
Battery |
Brand: Netion; Model: BS1212; Nominal voltage: 12V; Battery capacity: 12 Ah; Height: 9.5mm; Length: 15.1 cm; Width: 9.8 cm; Weight: 3.4 Kg |
Buck |
Regulator-based: LM2596; Input voltage: 4.5-40V; Output voltage: 1.5-35V (Adjustable); Output current: Maximum 3A; Dimensions: 43 * 20 * 14mm; Switching frequency: 150 KHz |
Controller |
Based on the microcontroller: ATMEGA328; Recommended power range: 7 to 12 volts; Absolute supply range: 6 to 20 volts; digital inputs / outputs: 14 |
Port (5V) |
Brand: TB; Model: 303; Number of ports: 4; USB version: compatible USB 3.0; Compatible 2.0; Cable length 20 cm |
Port (12V) |
Brand: Qualcomm; Model: car; Connector: 12v car; Color: Black; Charger Type: Car; Input voltaje: 12 / 24V (Bivolt); Output voltaje: 5V; Quick charge |
Raspberry pi 3
|
Quad Core 1.2GHz Broadcom BCM2837 64bit CPU,1GB RAM,BCM43438 wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on board,100 Base Ethernet 40-pin extended GPIO, 4 USB 2 ports, 4 Pole stereo output and composite video port, Full size HDMI |
Digital wattmeter
|
Input Voltage (VCC): 3.3V ~ 5.5V, Resolution (Power): 20 mW (Hardware) / 4 mW (Software), Quiescent Current: 0.7 mA, Interface: Gravity I2C (Logic Level: 0-3.3V), Dimensions: 30.0mm x 22.0mm, Weight: 4g |
Fuse |
Material: Crystal. Maximum voltage: 250v, Length: 3 cm, Diameter: 0.44 cm |
POWER MEASUREMENT CIRCUITS
The power meter circuit is made up of the wattmeters and the raspberry Pi 3. The meters will send the signals of measured currents and voltages to the raspberry, which will be configured so that this information is shown on a display from which the user will have access. This will allow the user to have a reference to the status of the system.
COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS
The communications component to use is the Raspberry pi3 model B, which will serve as an interface for the user to know the status of the system and manipulate it.
The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is the earliest model of the third-generation Raspberry Pi. It replaced the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B in February 2016. The raspberry pi 3 model B has the following features: Quadcom 1.2MHz Broadcom BCM2837 64bit CPU, 1GB of RAM BCM43438 Wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on board, 100 Base Ethernet, 40-pin extended GPIO, 4 USB ports, 2 4-pole stereo output and composite video port, Full-size HDMI, CSI camera port for connecting a Raspberry Pi camera, DSI display port for connecting a display Raspberry Pi touch, Micro SD port to charge your operating system and store data, and upgraded micro USB switched power supply up to 2.5A.
On this occasion we already have the Raspberry pi3 model B, which will help us to implement the project, adding the experience with this component, for this reason in the list of materials to use it was assigned a value of zero .
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The project consists of a functional solar generator for all types of travel, due to its dynamic shape and easy handling. It consists of a suitcase, which will have a solar panel integrated, 4 5v ports with USB inputs, for charges such as: speaker, fan or battery charger. It will also have a 12v port available, especially to charge the cell phone quickly and safely.
This project will be carried out with all the security measures and corresponding regulations for each of the connections to be made, it will have quality materials that will help its performance and efficiency, providing security to the user.
For the elaboration we will have professional help that will guide us in the planning and realization of it, advising us and providing solutions to any obstacle that may arise.
The exact data to use in this project are the following:
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A 35W solar panel will be implemented.
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The watts used for each of the loads and the watt hours consumed are shown in the annex files
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It will use a battery with a nominal voltage of 12v and a capacity of 7Ah.
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It will have a buck which helps us to reduce the voltage that goes to the loads with 12V input and 5V output.
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The radiation in the city of Cartagena was taken into account to be the respective calculations, this is 5- 5.5 KH/š2
SOCIAL IMPACT
Socially, this project is an energetic support for people who cannot afford a complete energetic system because of the costs and with little access to it. In addition to this, it can be of great help for the cases of people who do camping, these people usually have many problems that with a bit of access to electricity can be solved. Problems such as lack of communication due to not having a charge on the phone, the need for lighting and not having a charge in the batteries, among other things.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Photovoltaic systems have almost zero negative impact on the environment. They are not noisy and do not emit Co2 that contributes to the greenhouse effect. The solar energy is infinite and the silicon necessary for the construction of the cells is quite little. it could be said that using photovoltaic systems causes almost no damage to enviroment.
Annex Files:
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Circuit schematics:
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Design calculations: